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Authors
Animashaun, Emmanuel
Peprah, Ellen Barnie
Olorunfemi, Olaoluwa
Oyekunle, Olufunmike
Nortey-Adom, Emmanuel
Karbo, Sharon
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was determined by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board (IRB) not to involve human subjects research per DHHS regulations (45 CFR 46.102), and thus IRB oversight was not required. All participants gave informed consent prior to data collection, and participation was voluntary. All procedures followed the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
