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Authors
Atandigre, Azudaa R.
Kunkuaboor, Yenube Clement
Adesi, Michael
Zakariah, Ahmed N.
Duut, Miilon Sommik
Opoku-Ware, Jones
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The National Ambulance Service (NAS) granted ethical approval for this study (Ref. No. NAS/DCEO/06/21/001), allowing data collection to proceed. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. Participants were provided with an assurance of confidentiality and informed that their participation was entirely voluntary. They were given the option to either proceed with or decline participation in the survey. Completion and submission of the questionnaire were taken as an indication of their informed consent to participate in the study. All procedures this study involving human participants adhere to international best practices and complies with the World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of 1964 Helsinki and its amendments – Ethical principles for medical research involving humans.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
