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Article History

Received: 15 October 2025

Accepted: 11 December 2025

First Online: 18 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of of Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences (IRB approval no. AAU-CHS/MS/2024/201). Additional permissions were secured from the Addis Ababa Health Bureau. All participants provided written informed consent after being informed of the study’s aims, risks, and benefits. Confidentiality was maintained by assigning numeric identifiers and securely storing data. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. To minimise burden on providers and avoid interference with patient care, the data-collection form was intentionally brief and completed only after the procedure, not during active resuscitation. The IRB reviewed the procedures and judged that the brief, post-procedure documentation (pilot-tested for brevity), together with the potential benefits of generating locally relevant safety and quality data, made the minimal additional workload ethically acceptable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.