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Authors
Cheng, Chi-Yung
Hsu, Ting-Hsuan
Hung, Yu-Lun
Hsu, Ting-Yu
Cheng, Fu-Jen
Pan, Hsiu-Yung
Lin, Chun-Hung Richard
Chiu, I-Min
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CMRPG8Q0891)
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Article History
Received: 19 July 2025
Accepted: 25 December 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Chang Gung Medical Foundation (IRB numbers: 202100691B0 and 202500614B0). Given that the patient data utilized in the analysis was anonymized and de-identified, the ethics committee granted a waiver for informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
