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Authors
Qiao, Jia
Cao, Rui-Yang
Li, Xiao
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Approval No. 2025-KY-148). Due to the retrospective design and use of anonymized data, informed consent was waived. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: No AI tools/services were used during the preparation of this work.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
