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Article History

Received: 27 May 2025

Accepted: 21 January 2026

First Online: 19 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The NODE overall project was approved by the Charité institutional review board (ethics review reference EA2/153/22).

: Not applicable.

: D.K. reports grants from Zentralinstitut für die Kassenärztliche Versorgung (Zi), grants from Berlin University Alliance (BUA), grants from Innovation Fund (Federal Joint Committee, G-BA), grants from Volkswagen Foundation, grants from German Research Foundation (DFG), and grants from Heinrich Böll Foundation, outside the submitted work; M.M.reports grants from Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), grants from German Research Foundation (DFG), grants from Innovation Fund (Federal Joint Committee, G-BA), grants and personal fees from Roche Molecular Diagnostics, personal fees from BRAHMS GmbH, personal fees from Biomarkers (Taylor & Francis), personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from AstraZeneca, and personal fees from PeerVoice, outside the submitted work; A.S. reports grants from German Research Foundation (DFG), grants from Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), grants and personal fees from Zentralinstitut für die Kassenärztliche Versorgung (Zi), grants from Roche Diagnostics, grants from Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), and grants from Innovation Fund (Federal Joint Committee, G-BA), outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.