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Article History

Received: 6 November 2025

Accepted: 4 March 2026

First Online: 27 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The survey reported in this paper was part of the planned STALLED phase 1 activities to inform site selection and initiatives for the main study and is part of the main study protocol ( ) and explicitly stated in our IRAS application to NHS ethics, which was approved by London – Queen Square Research Ethics Committee (reference 24/LO/0792). This preparatory work was assessed using the NHS Health Research Authority (HRA) and IRAS decision tools, and did not require ethics approvals from the HRA or Swansea University Ethics Committee (as confirmed by Swansea University Research Governance team). This work was conducted in compliance with the protocol and local authority standard operating procedures, ensuring adherence to ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. When the questionnaire was distributed to participants via email, each email was personalised and contained information about the survey and the STALLED study. An implied consent to participate model was used, which infers willingness to participate from questionnaire completion.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.