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Article History

Received: 16 December 2024

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 12 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for this cross-sectional study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (Approval No.2024 − 0606). As the research utilized exclusively anonymous, aggregated data on hospital-level practices and outcomes, the requirement for written informed consent was formally waived by the ethics committee. No personal identifiable information of patients or healthcare staff was collected or analyzed.

: Consent is given for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.