Kim, Jiyoung Agatha
Cho, Sangyeon
Hwang, Minyoung
Lee, Dongjoon
Jeon, Jangyeong
Lee, Rhoan
Lee, Changhee
Kim, Junyeong
Bae, Woori
Funding for this research was provided by:
Catholic Medical Center Research Foundation
Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (RS-2021-II211341)
Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (RS-2019-II190079)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00358602)
Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 16 June 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Catholic University of Korea (IRB approval number: KC23RISI0073) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and waived the need for individual informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.