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Authors
Kim, Minha
Lee, Jin-Hee
Choi, Minyoung
Kim, Doyeop
Chang, Hanseok
Heo, Sejin
Maeng, Seung Jin
Shin, Tae Gun
Ko, Eunsil
Chang, Hansol
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 4 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Korean National Emergency Medical Center (No. NMC-2023–08-094). The need for informed consent was waived due to the study’s retrospective design, observational nature, and use of de-identified data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
