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Authors
Rumagihwa, Liberatha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-9832
Musabirema, Priscille
Urimubenshi, Gerard
Coetzee-Prinsloo, Isabel
Byiringiro, Jean Claude
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Article History
Received: 25 February 2026
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from the University of Rwanda Institutional Review Board (Approval No. 585/CMHS IRB/2025), the Ethics Committee of CHUK (Approval No. EC/CHUK/116/2025), and the RL2TH (Approval No. 918/RL2TH/DG/2025). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, who were free to withdraw at any time. Confidentiality was ensured through the use of unique participant codes, with no personal identifiers recorded. Eligible participants were conscious road traffic accident survivors who had been hospitalized for one to three months. The study findings aim to inform improvements in prehospital care in Rwanda and similar contexts.
: A consent for publication is not applicable for this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
