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Authors
Altun, Mustafa
Kudu, Emre
Yakin, Furkan
Korgan, Mehmet Birkan
Karacabey, Sinan
Sanri, Erkman
Akoglu, Haldun
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Article History
Received: 2 August 2025
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Marmara University Faculty of Medicine (Approval No: 09.2023.485). As the study involved the analysis of aggregate ED crowding metrics rather than individual patient data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee. All data were anonymized and collected in accordance with institutional protocols and ethical guidelines, ensuring compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. This study analyzed aggregate emergency department crowding metrics and did not include any identifying images, personal details, or individual-level clinical information of participants. All authors approved the submitted version for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
