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Authors
Lewis, Michael Steven Paul https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3441-6268
Smith, Paula J. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3878-427X
Howard, Ian Lucas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7543-7707
Farhat, Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5448-9401
Alinier, Guillaume https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-4450
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the University of Edinburgh Medical School Research Ethics Committee ( ML291122 ), Hamad Medical Corporation Medical Research Centre ( MRC-01–23-406 ), and the Academic and Clinical Central Office for Research and Development (ACCORD), University of Edinburgh (Sponsor Reference: AC23033 ).
: Informed consent was obtained digitally from all participants prior to survey completion.
: Permission to publish this work was granted by the Hamad Medical Corporation Medical Research Centre (MRC) through the Abhath research governance system.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
