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Authors
Piankusol, Chanodom https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-5988
Charoenboon, Nutcha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-3524
Isaradech, Natthanaphop https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-2035
Wittayachamnankul, Borwon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-5534
Riyapan, Sattha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-0080
Supasaovapak, Jirapong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-3720
Bonar, Robert
McNally, Bryan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-1931
Sirikul, Wachiranun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-4582
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Article History
Received: 19 March 2026
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Chiang Mai University’s Research Ethics Committee (AF/04–009/02.0, Study code: COM-2567-0607). All interview participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. Data were de-identified before analysis to ensure confidentiality. For the quantitative component, the requirement for informed consent was waived as the study involved secondary analysis of de-identified registry data. To ensure analytical rigor, double coding was performed on a subset of transcripts, and discrepancies were resolved through consensus discussions among the research team. Field notes and contextual memos were used to supplement transcript data and preserve cultural nuance during translation. All research procedures adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
