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Authors
Chau, Duc Hoa
Kang, Jiunn-Horng
Chien, Wu-Chien
Wu, Chia-Chieh
Tsai, Lung-Wen
Wang, Ching-Fu
Lam, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-7485
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital (113TMU-WFH-13)
Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University (114-wf-swf-03)
National Science and Technology Council (MOST 109-2314-B-038-079 and NSTC 114-2314-B-038-077)
Injury Prevention and Disaster Medicine Research Foundation
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Taipei Medical University Joint Institutional Review Board (TMU-JIRB No. N202404149) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment. When needed, a family member or caregiver assisted the participant during the interview in the presence of an independent witness.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
