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Article History

Received: 29 May 2026

Accepted: 26 August 2026

First Online: 5 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (approval code: IR.SUMS.MED.REC.1404.114; approved May 5, 2025). Written informed consent for participation in research, including the potential future use of patients’ clinical and imaging data for research purposes and scientific publication, was obtained from all participants during hospitalization. All data were fully anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis, and the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. The manuscript contains only fully anonymized and de-identified clinical, demographic, and head CT imaging data, and no information that could reasonably identify an individual participant is included.

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing: Generative AI (ChatGPT, OpenAI, GPT-5.3., accessed via cloud on April 28, 2026) was used solely to enhance the readability and clarity of the manuscript text. No AI was used for data analysis, interpretation, or figure creation. Only de-identified, author-generated text and publicly available literature were provided as input, and all AI-generated suggestions were carefully reviewed, edited, and approved by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the manuscript. No conflicts of interest or financial ties to AI vendors exist.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.