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Article History

Received: 29 May 2018

Accepted: 26 September 2018

First Online: 11 October 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study protocol was reviewed by the chair of RTI International’s Institutional Review Board and deemed exempt [45CFR46.101(b)] from full Institutional Review Board review based on the following criteria: research involving the use of educational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey procedures, interview procedures or observation of public behavior, unless: (i) information obtained is recorded in such a manner that human subjects can be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects; and (ii) any disclosure of the human subjects’ responses outside the research could reasonably place the subjects at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the subjects’ financial standing, employability, or reputation.In lieu of written or verbal consent, written introductory materials were sent to potential respondents along with a self-administered survey. Although these introductory materials did not require IRB approval because this study was determined to be exempt, the introductory materials stated that this was a research study and that participation was voluntary, described the sample size and estimated time burden to complete the survey, and provided contact information for the research staff in case the potential respondents had questions they wanted to discuss before choosing to participate.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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