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Article History

Received: 3 January 2023

Accepted: 22 June 2023

First Online: 7 July 2023

Declarations

:

: The need for ethics approval was waived by The University of California, Los Angeles, institutional review board (IRB) stating that secondary analyses using the publicly released ABCD Study data are not human subjects research and therefore do not require their own approval. The ABCD Study received their own central IRB approval. All guidelines pertaining to the Declaration of Helsinki were adhered to. Caregivers provided written informed consent and children provided assent for participation in the study.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.