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Authors
Meaney, Christopher
Wang, Xuesong
Guan, Jun
Stukel, Therese A.
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2024
Accepted: 14 April 2025
First Online: 15 May 2025
Declarations
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: ICES is an independent, non-profit research institute whose legal status under Ontario’s health information privacy law allows it to collect and analyse healthcare and demographic data, without consent, for health system evaluation and improvement. The use of the data in this project is authorized under section 45 of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA) and does not require review by a research ethics board.
: NA.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
