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Patterns of intra-cluster correlation coefficients in school-based cluster randomised controlled trials of interventions for improving social-emotional functioning outcomes in pupils: a secondary data analysis of five UK-based studies

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02574-6

Published Online: 2025-05-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Parker, Kitty

Nunns, Michael

Xiao, ZhiMin

Ford, Tamsin

Stallard, Paul

Kuyken, Willem

Axford, Nick

Ukoumunne, Obioha C.
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-05-03

Version of Record valid from 2025-05-03
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Article History

Received: 20 February 2025

Accepted: 18 April 2025

First Online: 3 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval and consent from participants were obtained by the investigators for the five original studies used for this secondary data analysis. Permission to use these data in the current paper was granted by the principal investigator for each study, while individual participant information and consent permitting such future secondary analyses were covered by the original agreements. Ethical approval for use of the datasets in the current paper was granted by the University of Exeter Medical School Research Ethics Committee on 24 th January 2022 (Application ID: 492149).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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