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Authors
Alsalman, Noor Haidar Kadum https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3666-0983
Al-Ghraibah, Amani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4982-4903
Sheikh Ghadzi, Siti Maisharah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8855-8954
Looi, Irene https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5410
Sidek, Norsima Nazifah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-7661
Aziz, Zariah Abdul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-256X
Harun, Sabariah Noor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8476-7425
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia (R501-LR-RND003-0000000919-0000)
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was carried out in full accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The use of human subjects was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health, Malaysia (Research ID: NMRR-08–1631-3189). Written informed consent was obtained from the patients/participants for this study. Informed consent was obtained from the patient(s) for the publication of any potential identifiable images or data included in this article.This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images or identifiable information). Therefore, consent for publication is not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
