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Authors
Gallant, Jodi L.
Paranavitana, Tristan
Bzovsky, Sofia
Pusztai, Kaitlyn
McKay, Paula
Marvel, Debra
Wells, Jeffrey L.
Menard, Julie
Al-Asiri, Jamal
Patterson, Joseph T.
Slobogean, Gerard
Sprague, Sheila
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Bhandari, Mohit
Harris, Anthony D.
Mullins, C. Daniel
Thabane, Lehana
Wood, Amber
Rocca, Gregory J. Della
Hebden, Joan
Jeray, Kyle J.
Marchand, Lucas S.
O’Hara, Lyndsay M.
Zura, Robert
Lee, Christopher
Gardner, Michael J.
Blasman, Jenna
Davies, Jonah
Liang, Stephen
Taljaard, Monica
Devereaux, P. J.
Guyatt, Gordon H.
Heels-Ansdell, Diane
Palmer, Jana
Friedrich, Jeff
O’Hara, Nathan N.
Grissom, Frances
Gitajn, I. Leah
Morshed, Saam
O’Toole, Robert V.
Petrisor, Bradley A.
Mossuto, Franca
Joshi, Manjari G.
D’Alleyrand, Jean-Claude
Fowler, Justin
Rivera, Jessica
Talbot, Max
Pogorzelski, David
Dodds, Shannon
Leonard, Jordan
Li, Silvia
Rojas, Alejandra
Del Fabbro, Gina
Szasz, Olivia Paige
Minea, Alexandra
Murphy, Kevin
Howe, Andrea
Degani, Yasmin
Demyanovich, Haley
Medeiros, Michelle
Polk, Genevieve
Kettering, Eric
Mahal, Nirmen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCS-1609-36512)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Foundation Grant)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted to the highest ethical and governance standards in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice. We obtained research ethics board approval from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (HiREB) prior to initiating the study (HiREB #4913). All participants provided informed consent to participate in this follow-up study.
: Not applicable.
: JP reports AOTrauma North America: Board or committee member, research support; Bodycad: IP royalties, paid consultant; European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology: Editorial or governing board; Globus Medical: Paid consultant; Johnson & Johnson: Paid consultant; Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma: Editorial or governing board; Orthopaedic Trauma Association: Board or committee member, research support; Stryker: Paid consultant, outside this work. GS reports Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma: Editorial or governing board; Smith & Nephew: Paid consultant; Zimmer: Paid consultant, outside this work. SS reports Geistlich Pharma AG: Paid consultant; McMaster University: Employee, outside this work. All other authors have nothing to disclose.
