Enria, Luisa
Loffreda, Giulia
Tengbeh, Angus F.
Kamara, Abass S.
Timbo, Alie D.
Diaconu, Karin
Witter, Sophie
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Research and Innovation (MR/T040521/1)
Sabin Vaccine Institute
UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (ReBUILD)
Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 3 June 2026
First Online: 17 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research discussed here was given ethical approval by University of Bath (where LE was originally based), the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Queen Margaret University and the Sierra Leone Scientific and Ethics Review Committee. Participants were asked to sign an informed consent form which included a description of the project, including potential risks and benefits of participation No experiments on humans were conducted and the study does not include use of human tissue samples.
Consent for publication: The informed consent process covered of how the data would be used including publication of anonymized findings. All authors consented to publication after review of the article.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.