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Authors
Ali, Shahmir H.
Low, Kimberly Mei Yi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
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Article History
Received: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 21 September 2026
First Online: 2 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all study methods were reviewed and exempted by the National University of Singapore Institutional Review Board (NUS-IRB-2024-143). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. During the period this manuscript was under peer review, Shahmir H. Ali joined the Editorial Board of BMC Medical Research Methodology. He was not a member of the Editorial Board at the time of submission, and this subsequent appointment was unrelated to this submission; he had no role in the editorial handling, decision-making, or peer review process for this manuscript.
