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Article History

Received: 30 May 2022

Accepted: 6 January 2023

First Online: 4 February 2023

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Cabrini Human Research Ethics Committee and Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference Numbers 02–21-01–19 and 16975, respectively) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. We did not obtain participant consent as all data were anonymised. Outcome Health holds a standing ethics approval for its collection and custodianship of the deidentified data from the Royal Australian College of General Practice. Outcome Health and the individual PHNs granted permission to access the data used in this study.

: Not applicable.

: RH, DOC, RB and DM report grants from Arthritis Australia (not-for-profit organisation), during the conduct of the study. CP is an employee of Outcome Health, the not-for-profit organisation that developed the POLAR database and chairs the Product improvement group of the Australian Digital Health Agency. It has no relationship with the research but has provided grant funding to Outcome Health. LB reports consultancy fees paid to Monash University from Charite Medical University Berlin, Jesuit Social Services Victoria, and Swinburne University of Technology, outside the submitted work. AG reports no competing interests.