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Article History

Received: 30 June 2023

Accepted: 12 September 2023

First Online: 23 September 2023

Declarations

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: With regard to research ethics, the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration []. In Finland, no formal ethical review is required for research that does not concern medical research and does not deviate from a list of features according to the guiding ethical principles for the human sciences in Finland, stipulated by the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK (2019) []. According to the specifications in these guidelines as well as the university’s own guiding principles, which adhere to the national guidelines [], an ethical review statement from a human sciences ethics committee was not required for conducting the study at hand as the study did not: involve minors, deviate from informed consent, interfere with physical integrity of the study participants, pose a threat to safety of study participants, their relatives or entail a risk of long-term psychological stress. However, the authors applied for approval of the research from all participating organizations prior to the onset of the study and participation required informed consent. The participation was voluntary and the informants could withdraw their consent to participation in the research at any time. Hence, verbal informed consent to study participation and interview recording was obtained from all participants prior to initiating the interviews. Overall, the potential harm or risks to participate was deemed as low and the informants participated in a professional capacity and were not in any way dependent upon the researchers conducting the research. The interview recordings and related personal information were handled in line with research integrity principles and university research data protection requirements, which operate in compliance with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679) and the Finnish Data Protection Act (1050/2018). All raw data (interview recordings and unanonymized transcripts) were stored on designated server space fulfilling necessary data protection and data security requirements, and the anonymization process was rigorous. Study participants were informed about research data management procedures prior to the data collection.

: This study contains no identity revealing information of the study informants, therefore consent to publish was deemed “Not Applicable”.

: The authors declare no competing interests.