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Authors
Iwata, Hiroyoshi
Hamada, Shuhei
Harada, Hiroko
Kusaka, Katsuhiro
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2023
Accepted: 3 January 2024
First Online: 23 January 2024
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as amended in October 2013) and Japan’s Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects. This study received approval from the ethics committees at the Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, the Ebetsu Visiting Home Care Clinic, Sapporo City General Hospital, and the University of the Ryukyus. Informed consent was obtained in the form of an opt-out.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
