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Article History

Received: 2 March 2023

Accepted: 23 April 2024

First Online: 15 May 2024

Declarations

:

: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All the data was collected by the national members of the European Statistical System (ESS) who are part of the Eurostat (Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union). The list of the national institutions is available []. Data was regulated by the personal data protection and for statistical confidentiality applicable in the EU. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. All the national members of the ESS had to fulfil the following regulations to collect data:

: - Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.

: - and on the free movement of such data.

: - Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data.

: - Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on European statistics and repealing Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1101/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities, Council Regulation (EC) No 322/97 on Community Statistics, and Council Decision 89/382/EEC, Euratom establishing a Committee on the Statistical Programmes of the European Communities.

: - Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on Community statistics on public health and health and safety at work.

: - Commission Regulation (EU) No 141/2013 of 19 February 2013 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics on public health and health and safety at work, as regards statistics based on the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS).

: - Regulation (EU) No 557/2013 on access to confidential data for scientific purposes.

: Rey Juan Carlos University at Madrid authorized the application of EHIS data for health research purposes, and data were provided by Eurostat upon university request. Eurostat provided anonymized data. Categories with fewer than 49 individuals were not reported to avoid possible identification following the EHIS regulation. This work was additionally approved by the Ethics in Research Committee of the Doce de Octubre Hospital at Madrid city (23/045).

: Not applicable.

: None declared.