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Article History

Received: 30 December 2023

Accepted: 19 June 2024

First Online: 26 June 2024

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance was sought for and obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria (ABUTHZ/HREC/G25/2019) before the commencement of the study. A letter of introduction was obtained from the University to the Chairmen of the local government areas where the study was carried out. Also, Permission to carry out the study was obtained from the Kaduna State Ministry of Health through the State Primary Health Care Development Board (SPHCDB). Permission to carry out the study was sought from the LGA PHC department and an informed consent to participate was sought from participants (informed consent for all illiterate participants was obtained from their parents and/or their legal guardians). Permission was also obtained from the local government council and the village heads/community gatekeepers, as well as the facility in charge where the study was conducted. The nature and objectives of the study were explained to each participant and assurance of confidentiality and anonymity was given, to obtain evidence-based, informed, written consent for participation in the study by way of signing or thumb-printing the consent form. Participants were made to understand that participation in the study was completely voluntary ab initio, and individuals who did not consent to participate in the study were exempted. The respondents’ right to voluntary participation and right to withdraw at any stage of the study, or absolute refusal to participate in the study was equally emphasized and duly respected and was not made to affect the care or treatment they received in the health facility in any way. Finally, respondents were made to understand that participation in this study would not cause any physical harm to them. In the same vein, participants were made to understand that as part of the benefit of participating in the study, findings from the study would be used by policymakers to formulate and implement policies and practice frameworks that would enhance clients’ satisfaction with service delivery in PHC facilities in the State. By participating in the research, participants were willing to contribute towards achieving these set objectives towards building a healthier and more productive population. The research was also conducted in accordance with Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research involving human participants and the local guidelines as outlined in the ethical approval guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.