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Article History

Received: 29 January 2024

Accepted: 14 March 2025

First Online: 25 August 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Committee on Human Research Publication and Ethics (CHRPE), School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Ref: CHRPE/AP/575/22) approved the study protocol. Before informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Also, the purpose of the study was explained to them and they were also assured of confidentiality and the anonymity of the information they provided. Study participants were also made to understand that their participation was voluntary and were free to opt out of the study at any time.

: Not applicable.

: NAO-T and WA-D declare that they are affiliated with the Awotwe Sickle Cell Foundation Inc. Specifically, NAO-T is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Awotwe Sickle Cell Foundation Inc. Also, WA-D is a researcher at Awotwe Sickle Cell Foundation Inc. M-GH declares no conflict of interest as he is not affiliated with Awotwe Sickle Cell Foundation Inc.