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Authors
Friedmacher, Catriona
Lemke, Dorothea
Klaaßen-Mielke, Renate
Glushan, Anastasiya
Müller, Angelina
Karimova, Kateryna
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2025
First Online: 14 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main under the reference number 470/13. The waiver is based on the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the German Professional Code for Physicians (§ 15). According to the ethics committee, an approval is not required for studies that exclusively rely on fully anonymized secondary data from health insurance records. As this study does not involve direct patient contact or identifiable personal data, the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main determined that a formal ethics vote is unnecessary and that consent to participate is not applicable in this case.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
