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Authors
Butler, Jake
Joseph, Rebecca M.
Coupland, Carol
Knaggs, Roger David
Avery, Anthony J.
Morriss, Richard
Butler, Debbie
Gerrard, Louisa
Waldram, Dave
Jack, Ruth H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 11 July 2025
First Online: 16 August 2025
Declarations
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: The study used anonymised data provided by the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). CPRD has ethics approval from the NHS Health Research Authority to support research using anonymised patient data (East Midlands– Derby Research Ethics Committee, UK, reference 21/EM/0265). Access to CPRD data is subject to protocol approval through CPRD’s Research Data Governance (RDG) Process, Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, UK. The study protocol was approved by CPRD’s RDG in October 2022, and can be made available upon request (protocol number 22_002047). Patient consent is not required for GP practices to share data with CPRD, as no identifiable patient information is shared.
: Not applicable.
: AA is National Clinical Director for Prescribing for NHS England. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
