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Authors
Rabih, Mustafa
Ahmed, Ahmed Balla M.
Abdelgyoum, Hafeia A.
Elhassan, Suodad
Mohamed, Elalim Eltayeb Abduelrhman
Yasin, Fatima Mohamed Osman
Fadlalmoula, Gasm Alseed Abdelmonim Gasm Alseed
Arbab, Magrabia
Salih, Mohanned Abdalsalam Mohammed
Ahmed, Rana Adam Abdallah
Ahmed, Muhannad Bushra Masaad
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Approval Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, under ID number: (COMMED 2024-95-2), issued on July 30, 2024. Administrative approval was subsequently secured from the primary healthcare unit of each State Ministry of Health, the respective managerial locality, and each center administrator. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from every center administrator after explaining the study’s purpose in detail. All collected data were anonymized and kept confidential, with access restricted to the research team.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
