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Authors
Takahashi, Noriyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-7019
Matsuhisa, Takaharu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-3758
Nishikawa, Hiroaki
Takahashi, Kunihiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-7772
Aomatsu, Muneyoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-7232
Koyama, Toshihiro https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9447-1988
Suematsu, Mina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1874-0018
Miyazaki, Kei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-4519
Kuzuya, Masafumi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6134-9578
Sato, Juichi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-276X
Mercer, Stewart W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-3664
Ban, Nobutaro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-7455
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20K10375)
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2024
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Review Committee to which the first author belongs (approval number: 2022 − 0355). Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the participants in the study. Patients expressed their willingness to participate in the study by checking a box on the front of the submission envelope. Patients received a 500-yen coupon as a reward. At the request of our institution, the participants were asked to sign their names on the receipts related to the payment of rewards to ensure the correct receipt of the rewards. The questionnaires and receipts were kept separately and were never linked.
: Not applicable.
: NT, MS, and KM report that their affiliated institution was established by donations from Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya City, Japan. NT has received grants and personal fees outside the submitted work from Novartis Pharma K.K. These institutions had no involvement in the study design, data collection, administration, interpretation of the data, or writing of the paper. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.
