Sigvardsson, Dan https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6296-2439
MacLean, Anna
Hoonk, Albin https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9957-753X
Ali, Tahaa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-6296
Makenzius, Marlene
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mid Sweden University
Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
:
: A formal ethical application was not submitted to the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, as the study qualifies as a quality development project conducted in accordance with the Health and Medical Services Act (1982:763), which does not require ethical review under the Swedish Ethical Review Act (2003:460). Furthermore, the study was entirely based on de-identified data, which also exempts it from mandatory ethical review. However, a formal ethical application was submitted to and reviewed by the Research Ethics Advisory Board at Mid Sweden University, which raised no objections (Dnr:2023/3163). Individual participants provided written informed consent to participate. This study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.