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Authors
Toye, Francine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8144-6519
Barker, Karen L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9363-0383
Drew, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-8506
Khalid, Tanzeela Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3503-7762
Clark, Emma M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8332-9052
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203026)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203026)
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. All participants provided written informed consent before taking part in the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from Yorkshire & The Humber- Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (reference 22/YH/0135).
: Not applicable.
: The Vfrac study team (including SD, TK & EC) developed the tool that was the topic of enquiry. FT and KB have no competing interests.
