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Article History

Received: 15 May 2024

Accepted: 11 November 2025

First Online: 2 December 2025

Change Date: 21 January 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: the authors reported that affiliations for Chitalu Miriam Chama-Chiliba and Zewelanji Serpell were incorrect.

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee and National Health Research Authority. Informed consent was sought from all participants after explaining to them about the purpose of the study, and they were informed that they were free to withdraw from the study at any point without any penalty. Participants were assured of confidentiality during and after data collection. Any information linking the respondents to the data was anonymised.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.