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Authors
Farmer, Melissa M.
Hamilton, Alison B.
Finley, Erin P.
Lee, Martin L.
Chanfreau, Catherine
Than, Claire
Brunner, Julian
Schweizer, C. Amanda
Moin, Tannaz
Bean-Mayberry, Bevanne
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUE 15-272 and QUE 20-028)
VA HSR (RCS 21-135)
NIH/NIDDK (R01DK124503, R01DK127733, R18DK122372)
NIDDK/CDC (U18DP006535)
CDC (U18 DP006708)
UCLA, UCOP, and the Department of Veterans Affairs (CSP NODES0017 and CSP#2002)
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2024
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: The project was approved by the VA Central Institutional Review Board. For the electronic health record data used in this trial, we obtained a waiver of documentation of informed consent/HIPPA Authorization (16–12 HIPPA waiver): the research involved no more than minimal risk of harm to participants and involves no procedures for which written consent is normally required outside the research context.
: This manuscript is original research done by the authors. It has not been published elsewhere, is not currently under review for publication in any other journal and has not been previously submitted to BMC Primary Care. Early versions of these results were presented at the 2021 AcademyHealth Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation, the 2022 Society for the Implementation Research Collaboration Conference, and the 2023 VA Health Services Research and Development/QUERI Annual Meeting.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
