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Article History

Received: 18 June 2025

Accepted: 20 April 2026

First Online: 1 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee, University of Pretoria (Ethics Reference No: 703/2023), Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research-Institutional Review Board, University of Ghana (NMIMR-IRB CPN 063/23–24), and Ghana Health Service – Ethics Review Committee (GHS-ERC 006/01/24). Additionally, permission was granted by the management of the two health facilities. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. Participants were provided with a written information leaflet and consent form with detailed information about the purpose of the study, their rights, and any potential risks or benefits, and were assured of the confidentiality and voluntary nature of their participation. Only participants who consented to the study were asked to complete the consent form and included in the study. Consented participants had the free will to decline without consequences for healthcare. All participants’ records were anonymised. Additionally,

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.