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Authors
Tang, Chengzhou
Zhang, Yushan
Kadirhaz, Muhtar
Xu, Sen
Lu, Yunshu
Hussain, Iltaf
Zhao, Wei
Dong, Yi
Lin, Jiaxu
Mu, Runfang
Zhao, Yang
Shen, Mingwang
Fang, Yu
Chang, Jie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72274150)
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Reference number: 2019 − 1241). Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participating physicians before questionnaire completion and qualitative interviews. Patient informed consent was waived by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University because the prescription data were retrospectively extracted from the electronic diagnosis and treatment system, all patient information had been anonymized before analysis, no direct contact with patients was conducted, and no patients’ personally identifiable information was involved.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
