Ajeme, Tigest https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4725-6367
Ali, Oumer
Semahegn, Agumasie
Mengiste, Asrat
Ahmed, Eiman Siddig
Kinfe, Mersha
Kebede, Selamawit G.
Bremner, Stephen
Anagnostopoulou, Vasso
Brewster, Malcolm https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6382
Davey, Gail
Fekadu, Abebaw
Semrau, Maya
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (131996, UK International Development Funding from the UK Government to support global health research)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (131996, UK International Development Funding from the UK Government to support global health research)
Article History
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 11 June 2026
First Online: 16 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, College of Health Sciences of Addis Ababa University (AAU) (013/23/CDT) in Ethiopia and from the Brighton and Sussex Medical School Research Governance and Ethics Committee (ER-BSMS9D79-6) in the UK. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed written consent was obtained from participants and parents/Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) involved in the current study. Confidentiality of the information was kept and maintained by avoiding personal identifiers and password locking in a computer with stored data.
: Study participants are informed during the consent process that findings of the study will be published, and all authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript and agree with its submission for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.