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Article History

Received: 1 November 2024

Accepted: 26 August 2026

First Online: 1 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was done in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval for this study was obtained from the Federal Capital Territory Health Research Ethics Committee with approval number FHREC/2022/01/159/22. Administrative approval was also obtained from the FCT Primary Health Care Board with approval number FCT/PHCB/PRS/614/H/273. The study was introduced to patients at the antenatal clinic in each PHC. Participation was voluntary, and written informed consent was obtained from participants before administering the questionnaires. By identifying respondents only with a study number, confidentiality and anonymity were maintained. The beneficence principle was upheld in this study, as the findings will provide research evidence to improve maternal reproductive health services in the Federal Capital Territory. Since there was no financial cost to the respondents and no harm resulted from their participation in the study, non-maleficence was likewise upheld.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.