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Article History

Received: 28 August 2017

Accepted: 21 June 2018

First Online: 6 August 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

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: RK is co-founder of the Yoba for Life foundation (2009), a non-profit organization, accredited by the Dutch Tax Authorities as a Public Benevolent Institution (PBI), which aims to promote local production and consumption of fermented products in Africa. African fermented products made with the Yoba starter culture, are not marketed by the foundation as such, but the Yoba for Life foundation stimulates local production and ownership, allowing income-generating activities for African small-scale entrepreneurs in the food sector. The Yoba for Life foundation distributes and sells ready-to-use sachets with dried bacterial starter cultures through a network of partners and volunteers to facilitate the local production of dairy and cereal-based products by controlled bacterial fermentation. The Yoba starter culture containsLactobacillus rhamnosusyoba 2012, which is a generic variant ofLactobacillus rhamnosusGG. VA, CK and GR declare no competing interests.

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