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Authors
Zhang, Yanping
Zhang, Ning
Hu, Jing
Liu, Changlin
Li, Guanjun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Medical Association Analgesia and Sedation-Anesthesia Optimization Special Project (YXH2022ZX05280)
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2023
Accepted: 6 March 2024
First Online: 2 April 2024
Declarations
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: This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional ethical approval and informed consent were waived due to the retrospective nature of the study by the medical ethics committee of Shandong Provincial Third Hospital.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
