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Authors
Duan, Shuyin
Tu, Zhanwen
Duan, Lijuan
Tu, Runqi
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2024
Accepted: 10 December 2024
First Online: 18 December 2024
Declarations
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: The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted the NHANES survey. The National Center for Health Statistics’ Research Ethics Assessment Board evaluated and approved the NHANES study protocol. This study used a de-identified publicly available dataset that did not involve direct human experimentation or further interventions, and no additional ethical approvals were required for this type of research. For further confirmation, please refer to the link to the NCHS ethics approval document for the NHANES data ( ).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
