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Article History

Received: 25 November 2024

Accepted: 5 March 2025

First Online: 24 March 2025

Change Date: 7 April 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Affiliation 1 was missing ‘China’ for the institution ‘China Pharmaceutical University’. The article has been updated to rectify the error.

Declarations

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: The study was performed according to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. The use of the MIMIC-IV database was approved by the review committee of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The eICU-CRD is provided through the work of researchers at the MIT Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Philips Healthcare, and their collaborators. One author (Linlin Fu) who has passed the “Protecting Human Research Participants” examination, could access the database and was responsible for data extraction (Record ID: 62316096), therefore, the ethical approval statement and the requirement for informed consent were waived for this study.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.