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Article History

Received: 12 November 2024

Accepted: 4 April 2025

First Online: 15 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenyang Anorectal Hospital (approval No. KYR-2023038) and followed the ethical principles set forth in the Helsinki Declaration. All patients participating in this study were informed of the study objectives, methods, and potential risks, and signed informed consent forms. All patients included in this study were fully informed of the nature, purpose, methods, potential risks, and potential benefits of the study, and voluntarily signed a written informed consent form without any coercion or undue influence. We promise to protect the privacy and personal information of patients and ensure that it will not be disclosed to unauthorized third parties.

: The release of data, results, and conclusions in this study was with the consent of the participants (as explicitly stated in the informed consent form). We respect the privacy rights of participants and promise to comply with relevant privacy protection regulations and ethical principles when publishing any research related data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.