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Authors
Zhang, Xiaotong
Liu, Min
Huang, Junjun
Zheng, Ya
Wang, Yuping
Zhou, Yongning
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (23JRRA0939)
Lanzhou Science and Technology Program (2023-1-19)
Gansu Province Higher Education Project for Teaching Achievement Cultivation (202314-16)
Medical Innovation and Development Project of Lanzhou University (lzuyxcx-2022-41)
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2024
Accepted: 3 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (; accessed on August 24, 2022). NHANES was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics research ethics review board. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
