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Authors
Zhang, Hao
Ding, Xue-Li
Xu, Yong-Hong
Wu, Jun
Wang, Yue-Yuan
Liu, Shu-Xian
Yan, Jing
Liu, Hua
Tian, Zi-Bin
Liu, Ai-Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-0710
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Clinical Medicine + X Research Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University in 2024 (QDFY+X2024212)
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2025
Accepted: 30 June 2025
First Online: 24 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2024). The Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University authorised the study (Approval No. QYFY WZLL 28569). Additionally, the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University waived the requirement for written informed consent due to this study’s retrospective design.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
