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Article History

Received: 6 April 2025

Accepted: 14 July 2025

First Online: 8 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Institutional Review Board approvals were obtained from CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Policy and from Shefaa Al-Orman Hospital. The Shefa Al Orman Hospital -IRB is officially registered with the Supreme Council of Clinical Research Ethics (SCCRE) under the registration number SCCREIRB_SHEFAORMAN_NPO_001_020125_007. The Shefa Al Orman Hospital IRB waived the requirement of consent to participate. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with the Declaration regarding human data and material.

: Not applicable.

: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clinart MENA, Genomics Genetics, GSK, Hikma, EVA Pharma, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Mundipharma, Newbridge Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Sandoz.

: Boehringer Ingelheim, Hikma, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche.

: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche.

: Dr. Emad Shash Advisory Boards/Consultancy/Speaker’s Bureau: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clinart MENA, Genomics Genetics, GSK, Hikma, EVA Pharma, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Mundipharma, Newbridge Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Sandoz Travel Grants: Boehringer Ingelheim, Hikma, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche Clinical Trials Involvement: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.